Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Many retinal diseases lead to the loss of retinal neurons and cause visual impairment. The adult mammalian retina has little capacity for regeneration. The proneural transcription factor Ascl1 is upregulated in MG after retinal damage 1 , 7 in zebrafish and is necessary for regeneration 8. Although Ascl1 is not expressed in mammalian MG after injury 9 , forced expression of Ascl1 in mouse MG induces a neurogenic state in vitro 10 and in vivo after NMDA N -methyl- d -aspartate damage in young mice However, by postnatal day 16, mouse MG lose neurogenic capacity, despite Ascl1 overexpression
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Sensory stimulation is the input and sensation you receive when one or more of your senses is activated. This type of stimulation is important for infant development and can be used to improve the well-being of developmentally disabled adults, people with neurocognitive disorders, and older adults. Keep reading to learn more about sensory stimulation, what exactly it is, and the benefits it provides. Because babies learn about the world around them with their senses, sensory stimulation is linked to:. Repetitive activities that stimulate the senses can help babies learn and reach developmental milestones. Examples of sensory stimulation for babies include:. Sensory stimulation continues to be beneficial as babies progress from infants to preschoolers.
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Galvanic vestibular stimulation GVS is a non-invasive method used to stimulate the vestibular system. The vestibular system includes the sensors, neural pathways, vestibular nuclei and the cortical areas receiving integrated vestibular inputs. In addition to its role in postural control or gaze stabilization, the vestibular system is involved in some cognitive functions and in emotion processing. Several studies have revealed a modulating effect of vestibular stimulation on mood state, emotional control, and anxiety level. Nevertheless, GVS is known to induce motion sickness symptoms such as nausea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of a GVS protocol to be used potentially as a treatment for anxiety, and also to test the impact of stimulation parameters duration on anxiety. Twenty-two students underwent three stimulation conditions: 1 a sham session no stimulation ; 2 a single-duration session 38 min of GVS ; and 3 a double-duration session 76 min of GVS. Before and after each stimulation, participants completed a Graybiel Scale form for motion sickness symptoms evaluation and a visual analog scale form for anxiety. We observed a significant diminution of anxiety level after a min session of GVS, while a low level of motion sickness was only found following a min session of GVS.
Acoustic stimulation methods applied during sleep in young adults can increase slow wave activity SWA and improve sleep-dependent memory retention. It is unknown whether this approach enhances SWA and memory in older adults, who generally have reduced SWA compared to younger adults. Additionally, older adults are at risk for age-related cognitive impairment and therefore may benefit from non-invasive interventions. The aim of this study was to determine if acoustic stimulation can increase SWA and improve declarative memory in healthy older adults. Thirteen participants 60—84 years old completed one night of acoustic stimulation and one night of sham stimulation in random order. During sleep, a real-time algorithm using an adaptive phase-locked loop modeled the phase of endogenous slow waves in midline frontopolar electroencephalographic recordings.
